Process for preparing 4-phenyl-1,3-benzodiazepines

ABSTRACT

Novel 4-phenyl-1,3-benzodiazepines, novel intermediates thereof, and methods of preparing same are described. These benzodiazepines are useful as antidepressants, analgetics and anticonvulsants.

This is a division, of application Ser. No. 91,062, filed Nov. 5, 1979,now U.S. Pat. No. 4,309,424, which in turn is a continuation-in-part ofapplication Ser. No. 948,896, filed Oct. 5, 1978, abandoned.

This invention relates to novel 4-phenyl-1,3-benzodiazepines, which areuseful as antidepressants, analgetics, anticonvulsants, to methods oftheir preparation, to methods of treatment with pharmaceuticallyeffective amounts thereof and to pharmaceutical compositions containingsuch a compound as an active ingredient. This invention also relates tonovel compounds which are intermediates in the preparation of said4-phenyl-1,3-benzodiazepines.

To the best of our knowledge the compounds of the present invention havenot been heretofore made, described or suggested. Rodriguez et al., inU.S. Pat. No. 3,681,340, granted on Aug. 1, 1972 and entitled"1,3-Benzodiazepines" teaches that compounds of the formula ##STR1## inwhich R₁ is hydrogen, free or etherified OH or SH, amino or analiphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radical; R₂ is hydrogen or an acyl,aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic radical; N-oxides and quaternariesand salts thereof, exhibit central nervous system depressing andcoronary dilating effects.

The compounds of this invention have the formula ##STR2## in which R ishydrogen or alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R₁ is hydrogen, alkyl offrom 1 to 5 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl of from 4 to 8 carbon atoms oraralkyl having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety; X and Y arethe same or different and each can be hydrogen, chlorine, bromine,fluorine, methoxy, alkyl of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, hydroxy ortrifluoromethyl; m is the integer 1 or 2; and n is the integer 1, 2 or3. Also included within the scope of the present invention are theoptical antipodes and the physioloigically acceptable salts of theabove-depicted compounds.

Preferred compounds of the present invention are those in which R and R₁are alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred compoundsare those wherein R is methyl or ethyl and R₁ is methyl.

Novel intermediate compounds, which are also the subject of thisinvention, utilized in the preparation of the benzodiazepines of thisinvention, have the formula ##STR3## in which R₁ is hydrogen, alkyl offrom 1 to 5 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl of from 4 to 8 carbon atoms oraralkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety; R₂ is hydrogenor alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms with the proviso that R₂ ishydrogen when R₁ is alkyl; or a group of the formula ##STR4## wherein R₃is hydrogen, alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of from 3 to7 carbon atoms or aryl; and X, Y, m and n are as previously defined.

Additional novel intermediates of the present invention includecompounds of the formula ##STR5## in which R₁ is hydrogen, alkyl of from1 to 5 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl of from 4 to 8 carbon atoms oraralkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety; R₂ is hydrogenor alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms with the proviso that R₂ ishydrogen when R₁ is alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or a group of theformula ##STR6## wherein R₃ is hydrogen, alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbonatoms, cycloalkyl of from 3 to 7 carbon atoms or aryl; X and Y are thesame or different and each can be hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine,methoxy, alkyl of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, hydroxy or trifluoromethyl;m is the integer 1 or 2 and n is the integer 1, 2 or 3; and ##STR7## inwhich Z is methylene or a group of the formula ##STR8## wherein R₄ isalkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; W is oxo or a group of the formulaN--OR₅ wherein R₅ is hydrogen or alkanoyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; Xand Y are the same or different and each can be hydrogen, chlorine,bromine, fluorine, methoxy, alkyl of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, hydroxyor trifluoromethyl; and m is the integer 1 or 2; n is the integer 1, 2or 3.

In the above intermediates, i.e., the phenethylamines and thecorresponding acyl derivatives thereof, preferred compounds are those inwhich R₁ is alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Particularly preferredcompounds are those in which R₁ is methyl.

The physiologically acceptable salts of the present invention are acidaddition salts which may be prepared from inorganic acids such ashydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric and perchloricacids, as well as from organic acids such as tartaric, citric, acetic,succinic, maleic, fumaric and oxalic.

As used throughout the specification and appended claims, the term"alkyl" shall mean a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon groupcontaining no unsaturation and having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Examplesof alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl,sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl and thelike. The term "cycloalkyl" shall mean a saturated hydrocarbon grouppossessing at least one carbocyclic ring and having from 3 to 7 carbonatoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like. The term"cycloalkylalkyl" refers to a radical formed by attachment of an alkylfunction to a cycloalkyl group. Examples of cycloalkylalkyl radicalsinclude cyclopropylethyl, cyclopropylpropyl, cyclopropylbutyl,cyclopropylpentyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclobutylpropyl, cyclobutylbutyl,cyclopentylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, cyclopentylpropyl, cyclohexylethyl,cycloheptylmethyl and the like. The term "aryl" shall mean phenyl orphenyl substituted with one or more chloro, bromo, fluoro, methoxy,alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, hydroxy or trifluoromethyl groups.The term "aralkyl" refers to a radical formed by attachment of an alkylfunction to an aryl moiety. The term "alkanoyl" shall mean the residueof an alkylcarboxylic acid (alkanoic acid) having from 1 to 5 carbonatoms formed by removal of the hydroxy group of the carboxylic acidmoiety. Examples of alkanoyl groups include formyl, acetyl, propionyl,butyryl and the like.

The compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to thefollowing sequence of reactions in which R, R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, W, X, Y,Z, m and n are as previously defined, unless other wise indicated.

1. A 2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetophenone of the formula ##STR9## is convertedto an oxime of the formula ##STR10## by any convenient method known tothe art. A preferred method involves refluxing the acetophenone in amixture of ethyl alcohol, aqueous sodium acetate and hydroxylamine.

2. A compound of formula II is acylated with an alkanoic acid anhydrideto provide the corresponding oxime alkanoate of the formula ##STR11## inwhich Z is methylene and W is NOR₅ wherein R₅ is alkanoyl of from 1 to 5carbon atoms. Suitable alkanoic acid anhydrides include mixed formicacid-acetic acid anhydride, butyric acid anhydride, pentanoic acidanhydride, hexanoic acid anhydride and the like. Acetic acid anhydrideis preferred.

3. A compound of formula III is carefully reduced to provide thecorresponding 2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine of the formula ##STR12##The reducing agent used in this step must be compatible with the phenylnitro group. Diborane is preferred. Additionally, this reduction iscarried out in the presence of a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran and ata low temperature of from about 0° C. to about 30° C. or at ambienttemperature.

4. A compound of formula IV is further reduced to provide thecorresponding 2-amino-α-phenylphenethylamine, a novel intermediatecompound of the present invention, of the formula ##STR13## A preferredreducing method involves hydrogenation with a palladium on carboncatalyst or Adam's catalyst. Also other chemical reducing methods aresuitable such as the use of tin and hydrochloric acid.

5. A compound of formula IV is converted by any method known to the art,to the corresponding amide of the formula ##STR14## This conversion iscarried out with an appropriate carboxylic acid anhydride or halide inthe presence of a suitable solvent. Appropriate carboxylic acidanhydrides include acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyricanhydride and the like. Appropriate carboxylic acid halides includecyclohexanecarbonyl chloride, cyclopopanecarbonyl chloride,cyclobutanecarbonyl chloride, cyclopentanecarbonyl chloride,cycloheptanecarbonyl chloride and the like. Carboxylic acid anhydridesare preferred. Acetic anhydride is most preferred. Additionally, when R₃is hydrogen, a preferred method is the mixed anhydride procedureutilizing a mixture of acetic anhydride and formic acid at a temperatureof from about 0° C. to 100° C. with a suitable solvent such as benzene.Alkylformates may also be utilized to prepare the formamides of formulaVI, i.e., the compounds of formula VI wherein R₃ is hydrogen. Suitablealkylformates include methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate,butyl formate and the like. When methyl formate is employed, it isdesirable to carry out the reaction at an elevated temperature of fromabout 60°-100° C. in a pressure vessel such as a Paar bomb. A reactiontemperature of about 80° C. is preferred.

6. A compound of formula VI is reduced in a manner consistent with theprocedure of step 3, above, to provide the correspondingN-alkyl-α-phenyl-2-nitrophenylethylamine of the formula ##STR15## inwhich R₁ is alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, cycloalkylalkyl of from 4to 8 carbon atoms or aralkyl.

7. A compound of formula VII is reduced in a manner consistent with theprocedure of step 4, above, to provide the correspondingN-alkyl-2-amino-α-phenylphenethylamine, a novel intermediate of thepresent invention, of the formula ##STR16##

8. A compound of formula V or VIII is cyclized with a compound of theformula ##STR17## to provide the corresponding 1,3-benzodiazepine, acompound of the present invention, of the formula ##STR18## Thiscyclization is carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst such asethanolic hydrochloric acid at a temperature of from 25° C. to reflux ofthe reaction mixture.

In an alternative process, the compounds of the present invention areprepared according to the following reaction sequence in which R, R₁,R₂, R₃, X, Y, m and n are as previously defined, unless otherwiseindicated.

1'. A compound of formula VII is acylated in a manner consistent withthe procedure of step 5, supra, to provide the correspondingN-alkyl-N-alkanoyl-α-phenyl-2-nitrophenethylamine of the formula##STR19## in which R₁ is alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms,cycloalkylalkyl of from 4 to 8 carbon atoms or aralkyl and R₂ is a groupof the formula ##STR20## wherein R₃ is hydrogen or alkyl of from 1 to 4carbon atoms.

2'. A compound of formula X is reduced in a manner consistent with theprocedure of step 6, supra, to provide the correspondingN-alkyl-N-alkanoyl-2-amino-α-phenylphenethylamine of the formula##STR21## in which R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as described in Step 1'.

3'. A compound of formula XI is converted to the 1,3-benzodiazepine offormula IX wherein R and R₃ are the same. The conversion is convenientlyperformed by treating XI with a cyclodehydrating agent, neat or in thepresence of a suitable solvent. Among cyclodehydrating agents there maybe mentioned phosphorous pentoxide, phosphorous pentachloride,phosphorous trichloride, phosphorous oxychloride, boron trifluoride,boron trichloride and the like. Among suitable solvents there may bementioned halocarbons such as, for example, dichloromethane, chloroform,1,2-dichloroethane and the like, and aromatic hydrocarbons such asbenzene, toluene, oxylene and the like. Phosphorous oxychloride is thepreferred cyclodehydrating agent and dichloromethane is the preferredsolvent. The reaction temperature is not narrowly critical. Generally,the reaction mixture is heated at the reflux temperature of the solventto promote a reasonable rate of reaction. When phosphorous oxychlorideand dichloromethane are employed, the cyclodehydration proceedssatisfactorily at the reflux temperature of the solvent.

In each of the above reaction steps, optimum conditions depend uponstarting materials, solvents, catalysts and other reaction components,as will become more apparent in the examples given below.

Optical antipodes can be prepared by resolution with common resolvingagents such as optically pure tartaric and camphor sulfonic acids orsynthesized from optically pure precursors.

Compounds depicted in formula I are either generally available orprepared as described below. O. Hromatka et al., Montsh, 100, 469 (1969)describe the following synthesis in which X is chlorine or bromine:##STR22## Routine manipulation of this synthesis would providecorresponding compounds in which X is fluorine, hydroxy, methoxy orcyano.

Additionally, 2,4-dinitroaniline can be treated by routine methods toultimately provide a compound of the formula ##STR23## through thefollowing precursors: ##STR24##

Thereafter, compounds of formula I can be prepared by Friedel Craftsacylation as follows: ##STR25##

Compounds of formula I are also prepared by the process described by E.E. Garcia and R. I. Fryer in J. Heterocyclic Chemistry, 11, 219(1974).In this process, an enamine of the formula ##STR26## in which R₄, X andm are as described herein, is condensed with a benzoyl halide, e.g., abenzoyl chloride of the formula ##STR27## in which Y and n are ashereinbeforedescribed to afford an enaminoketone of the formula##STR28## in which R₄, X, Y, m and n are as above, i.e., a compound ofthe formula ##STR29## in which Z is ##STR30## wherein R₄ is alkyl offrom 1 to 5 carbon atoms, W is oxo and X, Y, m and n are as describedabove. The enaminoketone is then hydrolyzed and deformylated to I.

The utility of the compounds of the present invention in the treatmentof depression in mammals is demonstrated by their ability to inhibittetrabenazine induced depression in mice [International Journal ofNeuropharmacology, 8, 73 (1969)], a standard assay for usefulantidepressant properties. Thus, for instance, an intraperitoneal doseof 1.5 mg/kg of body weight and an oral dose of 2.1 mg/kg of body weightof 4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine hydrochlorideeach demonstrate a 50% inhibition of ptosis of tetrabenazine-induceddepression in mice. Also, an intraperitoneal dose of 9.7 mg/kg of bodyweight of 4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepinehydrochloride and an intraperitoneal dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight of4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine hydrochloride demonstrate asimilar inhibition in this assay. Finally, an intraperitoneal dose of 20mg/kg body weight of 4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepinehydrochloride demonstrates a 30% inhibition in this assay. These dataindicate that the compounds of the present invention would be useful asantidepressants in mammals when administered in amounts ranging from0.01 to 100 mg/kg of body weight per day.

Compounds of the present invention are useful as analgetics due to theirability to alleviate pain in mammals, as demonstrated in thephenyl-2-quinone writhing assay in mice, a standard assay for analgesia[Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 95, 729 (1957)]. Thus, for example, asubcutaneous dose of 21.3 mg/kg of body weight of4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine hydrochloride demonstrates a50% inhibition of writhing produced in this assay. This datumillustrates that compounds of this invention are useful for alleviatingpain in mammals when administered in amounts ranging from about 0.01 toabout 100 mg/kg of body weight per day.

Compounds of the present invention are further useful as anticonvulsantagents for mammals, as determined by Woodbury, L. A. and Davenport, V.D. [Arch. Int. Pharmacodynam, 92, pp. 97-107 (1952)]. For example,4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine hydrochloride and4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine hydrochloride at anintraperitoneal dose of 13.4 and 19.4 mg/kg of body weight,respectively, each produce a 50% protection from the effect ofsupramaximal electroshock. These data illustrate that compounds of thepresent invention are useful in treating convulsions in mammals whenadministered in amounts ranging from about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg ofbody weight per day.

Compounds of this invention include:

7-chloro-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

2,3-diethyl-7,8-difluoro-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-7-trifluoromethyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-6-methoxy-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2-isopropyl-4-phenyl-3-n-propyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

7,8-dibromo-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-9-hydroxy-4-(3-n-propylphenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

7,8-dibromo-4-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-3-methyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4-(4-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4-(4-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-3-methyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-3-methyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

7-chloro-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodizepine;

7-chloro-4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

8-chloro-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

8-chloro-4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-7-methoxy-3-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-8-methoxy-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-8-methoxy-3-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-7,8-dimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-7,8-dimethoxy-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

6-chloro-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodizepine;

6-chloro-4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-3-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

7-chloro-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

7-chloro-4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-4-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-4-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-(2-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepines;

4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-4-(2-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

3-butyl-2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2,3-diisobutyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

2-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2,3-diisopentyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-3-pentyl-2-tert-pentyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-3-neopentyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

7-chloro-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

7-chloro-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-3-methyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

4,5-dihydro-2-tert-pentyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

3-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;

3-cyclopentylmethyl-4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine;and

3-cyclobutylethyl-4,5-dihydro-2 ethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine

Effective quantities of the compounds of the invention may beadministered to a patient by any one of various methods, for example,orally as in capsules or tablets, parenterally in the form of sterilesolutions or suspensions, and in some cases intravenously in the form ofsterile solutions. The free base final products, while effectivethemselves, may be formulated and administered in the form of theirpharmaceutically acceptable addition salts for purposes of stability,convenience of crystallization, increased solubility and the like.

The active compounds of the present invention may be orallyadministered, for example, with an inert diluent or with an ediblecarrier, or they may be enclosed in gelatin capsules, or they may becompressed into tablets. For the purpose of oral therapeuticadministration, the active compounds of the invention may beincorporated with excipients and used in the form of tablets, troches,capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, chewing gum and thelike. These preparations should contain at least 0.5% of activecompound, but may be varied depending upon the particular form and mayconveniently be between 4% to about 70% of the weight of the unit. Theamount of active compound in such compositions is such that a suitabledosage will be obtained. Preferred compositions and preparationsaccording to the present invention are prepared so that an oral dosageunit form contains between 1.0-300 milligrams of active compound.

The tablets, pills, capsules, troches and the like may also contain thefollowing ingredients: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gumtragacanth or gelatin; an excipient such as starch or lactose, adisintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, corn starch and thelike; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or Sterotex; a glidant suchas colloidal silicon dioxide; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose orsaccharin may be added or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methylsalicylate, or orange flavoring. When the dosage unit form is a capsule,it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquidcarrier such as a fatty oil. Other dosage unit forms may contain othervarious materials which modify the physical form of the dosage unit, forexample, as coatings. Thus, tablets or pills may be coated with sugar,shellac, or other enteric coating agents. A syrup may contain, inaddition to the active compounds, sucrose as a sweetening agent, andcertain preservatives, dyes and colorings and flavors. Materials used inpreparing these various compositions should be pharmaceutically pure andnon-toxic in the amounts used.

For the purpose of parenteral therapeutic administration, the activecompounds of the invention may be incorporated into a solution orsuspension. These preparations should contain at least 0.1% of activecompound, but may be varied to be between 0.5 and about 5% of the weightthereof. The amount of active compounds in such compositions is suchthat a suitable dosage will be obtained. Preferred compositions andpreparations according to the present invention are prepared so that aparenteral dosage unit contains between 0.5 to 100 milligrams of activecompound.

The solutions or suspensions may also include the following components:a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, fixedoils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol or othersynthetic solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol ormethyl paraben; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite;chelating agents such as ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid; buffers suchas acetates, citrates or phosphates and agents for the adjustment oftonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose. The parenteral preparationcan be enclosed in ampules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vialsmade of glass or plastic.

EXAMPLE 1

a. A stirring mixture of 43.0 g of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetophenone, 200 mlof 95% ethyl alcohol, 31.2 g of sodium acetate and 24.3 g ofhydroxylamine hydrochloride in 100 ml of water is refluxed for 1 hourand then permitted to stand for 16 hours. Thereafter, the precipitate iscollected by suction filtration and the filter cake is sequentiallywashed with 100 ml of 60% aqueous ethyl alcohol, two 100 ml portions ofwater, dried and recrystallized from 95% ethyl alcohol to provide nearlycolorless crystals, mp 119°-121° C., of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetophenoneoxime. [The 2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetophenone starting material is reportedin Chem., Absts., 63, 16237g (1965)].

b. A stirring solution of 5.0 g of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetophenone oximein 10 ml of potassium hydroxide dried pyridine is treated with 5 ml ofacetic anhydride in three equal portions. After total addition, thesolution is heated on a steam bath for 45 minutes with the exclusion ofmoisture and then decanted into 50 ml of ice water. An oil separateswhich solidifies with continued stirring. The solid is successivelycollected by vacuum filtration, washed with water, dried under vacuumover potassium hydroxide pellets and recrystallized from 95% ethylalcohol to provide nearly colorless crystals, mp 63°-66° C., of2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetophenone oxime acetate.

c. 150 ml of a 1 M solution of diborane in tetrahydrofuran are added toa stirring mixture of 9.0 g of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetophenone oximeacetate and 150 ml of tetrahydrofuran over a 20 minute span withice-water bath cooling. After total addition, the reaction mixture isstirred for 48 hours at ambient temperature before carefully adding,with stirring, 150 ml of a 5% hydrochloric acid solution. After thistotal addition the tetrahydrofuran is distilled under reduced pressureand the residue is extracted thrice with 200 ml portions of ether. Theaqueous phase is basified with 50% sodium hydroxide and the alkalinephase is extracted thrice with 300 ml portions of ether. The combinedether extracts are dried and then concentrated, leaving an oil which, inether, is converted to its hydrochloric acid salt. The salt is collectedby vacuum filtration and then washed thoroughly with ether. The driedsalt is recrystallized from methyl alcohol to provide colorlesscrystals, mp 261°-263° C., dec., of 2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylaminehydrochloride.

d. 19.4 g of 25% (W/W) a sodium methoxide in methyl alcohol solution areadded to a suspension of 19.6 g of 2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylaminehydrochloride in 100 ml of ethyl alcohol. After the addition, themixture is stirred with steam bath warming before being filtered. Thefilter cake is washed with 70 ml of 95% ethyl alcohol and the filtratesare combined and then transferred into a 500 ml Parr hydrogenationbottle which had been charged with 2.0 g of a 10% palladium/carboncatalyst and 20 ml of 95% ethyl alcohol. The mixture is hydrogenated for3 hours at 50 psig at ambient temperature. Thereafter, the mixture issuction filtered and the filtrate is evaporated, leaving an orange oilwhich is dissolved in 100 ml of chloroform. The chloroform solution iswashed twice with 100 ml portions of 5% sodium hydroxide solution. Allthe chloroform solutions are combined and then sequentially dried,filtered and the filtrate is evaporated, leaving an orange oil which isdiluted with 12 ml of cyclohexane. This solution is seeded with acrystalline product obtained from the previously obtained crude oil bycrystallization of a sample from a small amount of cyclohexane, stirredvigorously and permitted to stand at 5° C. for 48 hours. Thereafter, themother liquor is decanted and the crystalline precipitate is pulverizedand collected in a Buchner funnel. The filter cake is washed withcyclohexane, dried and recrystallized from cyclohexane to providecolorless crystals, mp 43°-44° C., of 2-amino-α-phenylphenethylamine.

e. 70 ml of hydrochloric acid saturated absolute ethyl alcohol are addeddropwise to a stirred mixture of 7.0 g of 2-amino-α-phenylphenethylaminehydrochloride, salt of step d, and 70 ml of triethylorthoformate. Aftertotal addition, the reaction mixture is refluxed, in the absence ofmoisture, for 16 hours and then successively cooled, diluted with etherand suction filtered to provide a crystalline material which is driedunder vacuum for 5 hours. The product is recrystallized from a methylalcohol-ether mixture and the resulting crystals are washed with etherand then dried, providing colorless crystals, mp 185°-187° C., of4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₅ H₁₄ N₂.HCl: 69.62%C; 5.84%H; 10.82%N.Found: 69.71%C; 5.84%H; 10.83%N.

EXAMPLE 2

76.6 of triethylorthoacetate are added to a refluxing solution of 7.1 gof 2-amino-α-phenylphenethylamine (Example 1d) and 91 ml of hydrochloricacid saturated absolute ethyl alcohol. After this addition, refluxing iscontinued for 16 hours before the mixture is permitted to cool. Thecooled mixture is diluted with 1.5 liter of ether and then refrigeratedin the absence of moisture for 72 hours. Thereafter, the solvent isdecanted and the precipitate is covered with ether. The precipitate iscollected by suction filtration and then dried. The dried product isrecrystallized from an ethyl alcohol-ether mixture to provide, afterdrying under vacuum at 40° C., colorless crystals mp 194°-197° C., of4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₁₆ N₂.HCl: 70.45%C; 6.28%H; 10.26%N.Found: 70.42%C; 6.29%H; 10.22%N.

EXAMPLE 3

a. A mixture of 27.6 g of acetic anhydride and 16.7 ml of formic acid isheated at 50°-67° C. for 15 minutes and then cooled to 10°-15° C. Asolution of 31.8 g of 2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine, free base ofExample 1c, in benzene is added at such a rate as to maintain thereaction mixture's temperature at 10°-15° C. After total addition, thesuspension is stirred for 48 hours at 50° C. and then stirred for anadditional 48 hours at ambient temperature. Thereafter, the material iscollected by suction filtration and then rinsed well with ether. Thefiltrate is evaporated under reduced pressure and the resulting solid iscombined with the filter cake. The combined solid is dried under vacuumat 40° C. for 2 hours and the dried material is dissolved in methylenechloride and this solution is successively washed with 5% hydrochloricacid solution, washed with water, dried, filtered and evaporated leavinga solid. The solid is recrystallized from ethyl alcohol to provide,after drying under vacuum at 90° C., light yellow crystals, mp 151°-153°C., of N-formyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine.

b. A solution of 96 ml of 1 M diborane in tetrahydrofuran and 50 ml oftetrahydrofuran is added dropwise to an ice cold suspension of 13 g ofN-formyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine in 150 of tetrahydrofuran. Afterthe effervescence ceases, 28 ml of 5 N hydrochloric acid are addeddropwise.

Thereafter, the solvent is removed under reduced pressure and theresulting oily mixture is basified with a 50% sodium hydroxide aqueoussolution. The basified mixture is extracted with several portions ofether and the combined ether extracts are successively dried, filteredand evaporated, providing an oil. The oil is dissolved in benzene andthis solution is treated with ethereal hydrochloric acid. The solvent isremoved and the resulting material is recrystallized from isopropylalcohol to provide, after drying over xylene for 24 hours, light yellowcrystals, mp 192°-196° C., of N-methyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylaminehydrochloride.

c. A solution of 0.5 g of N-methyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylaminehydrochloride in 20 ml of ethyl alcohol is added to a Parr hydrogenationbottle previously charged with 0.2 g of platinum dioxide, Adam'scatalyst, and 5 ml of ethyl alcohol. This is pressurized to 50 psi withhydrogen for 5 minutes, then to 15 psi and placed on a Parr shaker for30 minutes. The mixture is filtered through a fine sintered glass funneland the filtrate is evaporated. The resulting material is recrystallizedfrom isopropyl alcohol to provide, after drying, colorless crystals, mp190°-191° C., of 2-amino-N-methyl-α-phenylphenethylamine hydrochloride.

d. 40 ml of hydrochloric acid saturated absolute ethyl alcohol are addeddropwise to a stirred mixture of 4.0 g of2-amino-N-methyl-α-phenylphenethylamine hydrochloride and 40 ml oftriethyl orthoformate. After this addition, the resulting solution issuccessively refluxed for 16 hours, cooled, diluted with ether andsuction filtered, providing a crystalline material. The material isrecrystallized by dissolving in methyl alcohol, filtering and dilutingwith ether to provide, after drying, colorless crystals, mp 251°-254°C., of 4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepinehydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₁₆ N₂.HCl: 70.45%C; 6.28%H; 10.26%N.Found: 70.44%C; 6.19%H; 10.50%N.

EXAMPLE 4

40 ml of hydrochloric acid saturated absolute ethyl alcohol are addeddropwise to a stirred mixture of 4.0 g of2-amino-N-methyl-α-phenylphenethylamine hydrochloride (Example 3c) and40 ml of triethyl orthoacetate. After total addition the reactionmixture is successively refluxed for 2 hours, cooled, diluted with etherand filtered to collect a solid material. The material is recrystallizedfrom a methyl alcohol-ether mixture to provide a white, solid materialwhich is dried to provide a crystalline product, mp 240°-243° C., of4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₇ H₁₈ N₂.HCl: 71.19%C; 6.68%H; 9.77%N. Found:71.43%C; 6.59%H; 9.73%N.

EXAMPLE 5

90 ml of Ethanolic hydrogen chloride is added dropwise to a stirredsuspension of 9.00 g of 2-amino-α-phenyl-N-propylphenethylamine in 90 mlof triethyl orthoacetate. After complete addition, the mixture isrefluxed for 2 hours. The ethanol is slowly distilled from the mixtureand additional ethanolic hydrogen chloride (50 ml) is added. The mixtureis then distilled to a volume of 20-30 ml. 100 ml of ether is addedcausing precipitation of the hydrochloride salt. The salt is collected,washed with ether (100 ml) and dried to give white crystals, mp272°-275° C. of4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-4-phenyl-3-propyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepinehydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₉ H₂₂ N₂ HCl: 72.48%C; 7.36%H; 8.90%N. Found:72.25%C; 7.34%H; 8.90%N.

EXAMPLE 6

250 g of 2-Amino-N-cyclohexylmethyl-α-phenylphenethylaminedihydrochloride is heated in 2.40 ml of refluxing triethyl orthoacetateand 0.75 ml of acetic acid for 1.5 hours, after which the volatilecomponents are distilled from the reaction mixture. The residualsolvents are removed in vacuo (aspirator). The resulting solid isdissolved in 25 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid and 10 ml of methylenechloride. The biphasic mixture is poured onto 100 ml of water and theresulting biphasic mixture is extracted with methylene chloride (2×100ml). The combined methylene chloride extracts are dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate and the methylene chloride evaporated affording a paleyellow oil. The oil is dissolved in 50 ml of ether. Etherial hydrogenchloride is added precipitating the salt as an oily solid. The ether isevaporated and the oily solid is dissolved in 10 ml of methanol. 50 mlof ethyl acetate is then added. The methanol is boiled from solution,followed by cooling. Hexane is slowly added until a slight cloudinessappears. Scratching produces white crystals, mp 256°-258° C., of3-cyclohexylmethyl-2-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepinehydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₂₃ H₂₈ N₂.HCl: 74.88%C; 7.92%H; 7.59%N. Found:74.71%C; 8.02%H; 7.55%N.

EXAMPLE 7

6.00 g of 2-Amino-N-methyl-α-phenylphenethylamine dihydrochloride isheated in 8.1 ml of refluxing triethyl orthopropionate and 2.4 ml ofacetic acid for 2 hours, after which the volatile solvents are distilledfrom the reaction mixture. The less volatile solvents are then distilledin vacuo (aspirator) from the mixture. The resulting oil is dissolved in20 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid and the acidic solution is poured onto 100ml of water. The aqueous phase is washed with 100 ml of ether, basifiedwith 50% sodium hydroxide and extracted with dichloromethane (2×200 ml).The combined dichloromethane extracts are dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate and the dichloromethane evaporated affording a colorless oil.The oil is dissolved in 100 ml of ether. Ethereal hydrochloric acid isadded precipitating the salt as an oily solid. The ether is evaporatedfrom the mixture and the resulting oil is recrystallized from 20 ml ofacetone providing crystals, mp 250°-255° C. dec, of2-ethyl-3-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₈ H₂₀ N₂.HCl: 71.87%C; 7.04%H; 9.31%N. Found:71.69%C; 6.87%H; 9.29%N.

EXAMPLE 8

6.00 g of 2-Amino-N-benzyl-α-phenylphenethylamine dihydrochloride isheated in 17.64 ml of refluxing triethyl orthoacetate and 5.58 ml ofacetic acid for 24 hours, after which the solvents are distilled fromthe reaction flask first at atmospheric pressure followed bydistillation in vacuo (aspirator). The resulting oil is dissolved in 5%hydrochloric acid methylene chloride (20 ml: 10 ml) and poured onto 100ml of water containing 10 ml of 37% hydrochloric acid. The biphasicacidic mixture is washed with ether (2×100 ml), basified with 10 ml of50% sodium hydroxide and extracted with methylene chloride (2×200 ml).The combined methylene chloride extracts are dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate and the methylene chloride evaporated. The resultingoil is dissolved in ether (100 ml). Ethereal hydrochloric acid (20 ml)is added precipitating the hydrochloride salt. The precipitate iscollected and washed with 60 ml of hot acetone affording white crystals,mp 245°-247° C., of 3-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₂₃ H₂₂ N₂.HCl: 76.03%C; 6.38%H; 7.71%N. Found:75.59%H; 6.45%H; 7.64%N.

EXAMPLE 9

4.00 g of 2-Amino-N-ethyl-α-phenylphenethylamine dihydrochloride isheated in 14.4 ml of triethyl orthoacetate and 4.44 ml of acetic acidfor 24 hours after which the solvents are removed first by distillationat atmospheric pressure, followed by distillation in vacuo (aspirator).The resulting oil is dissolved in 20 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid. Theacidic mixture is poured onto 200 ml of water containing 20 ml of 37%hydrochloric acid. The biphasic mixture is washed with 100 ml of ether,basified with 50% sodium hydroxide solution and extracted with methylenechloride (2×200 ml). The combined extracts are dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulate and evaporated affording a yellow oil. The oil isdissolved in 100 ml of ether. 10 ml of Ethereal hydrochloric acid isadded precipitating the hydrochloride salt. The salt is collected andwashed with hot acetone affording pale yellow crystals, mp 249°-252° C.,of 4,5-dihydro-3-ethyl-2-methyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepinehydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₈ H₂₀ N₂.HCl: 71.87%C; 7.04%H; 9.31%N. Found:71.57%C; 7.05%H; 9.20%N.

EXAMPLE 10

A mixture of 4 g of 2-amino-N-methyl-α-(4-fluorophenyl)phenethylamine,5.6 ml of acetic acid and 18.33 ml of triethyl orthoacetate is refluxedfor 2 hours. The solvents are evaporated in vacuo. The residue iscombined with 5% hydrochloric acid and extracted with ether. The aqueouslayer is basified and extracted with ether. The dried (anhydrous sodiumsulfate) organic phase is filtered, ethereal hydrochloric acid is addeddropwise to the filtrate and the product oils out. The solvent isevaporated and the residue recrystallized from ethanol-ether givingcrystals, mp 253°-255° C., of4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepinehydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₇ H₁₇ FN₂.HCl: 66.99%C; 5.95%H; 9.19%N.Found: 66.69%C; 5.87%H; 9.01%N.

EXAMPLE 11

A mixture of 3 g of 2-amino-N-methyl-α-(4-methylphenyl)phenethylaminedihydrochloride, 9.32 g of triethyl orthoacetate and 3.42 g of aceticacid is refluxed for 31/4 hours. The solvent is evaporated andapproximately 10 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid and 100 ml of water areadded. The aqueous layer is extracted with ether. The aqueous layer isbasified with 10% sodium hydroxide solution and extracted with ether.Ethereal hydrochloric acid is added and the product precipitates as thesalt. Recrystallization from ethanol gives crystals, mp 285°-288° C., of4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-α-(4-methylphenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepinehydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₈ H₂₀ N₂.HCl: 71.87%C; 7.04%H; 9.31%N. Found:71.85%C; 7.11%H; 9.28%N.

EXAMPLE 12

A stirred solution of 4.10 g of2-amino-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylphenethylamine, 16.22 g of triethylorthoacetate and 5.6 ml of glacial acetic acid is held under reflux(bath temperature 112° C.) for 2 hours. After standing overnight atambient temperature the solution is concentrated in vacuo (pump) at 90°C. on a rotary evaporator. An ethereal solution of the residual oil iswashed with 5% hydrochloric acid. The aqueous phase is made alkalinewith 50% sodium hydroxide solution and the mixture is extracted twicewith 25 ml-portions of methylene chloride. The combined, (dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate) organic phase is evaporated to afford a solid.Recrystallization from 10 ml of acetonitrile provides tan crystals, mp130°-132° C. of4,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₈ H₂₀ N₂ O: 77.12%C; 7.19%H; 9.99%N. Found:77.20%C; 7.13%H; 10.05%N.

EXAMPLE 13

A stirred solution of 4.1 g of2-amino-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylphenethylamine, 17.6 g of triethylorthopropionate and 5.6 ml of glacial acetic acid is heated under refluxfor 3 hours with exclusion of moisture. After standing overnight atambient temperature the solution is concentrated in vacuo (pump) at 90°C. on a rotary evaporator. A solution of the residual oil and 100 ml ofmethylene chloride is washed with 10% sodium hydroxide solution. Thedried (over anhydrous sodium sulfate) organic phase is filtered andconcentrated to an oil which is dissolved in 50 ml of anhydrous ether.Treatment with excess ethereal hydrogen chloride provides a precipitatewhich is collected, washed with ether and dried in vacuo at 40° C.Recrystallization from 40 ml of isopropanol provides colorless crystals,mp 240°-242° C. dec. of4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-3H-1,3-benzodizepinehydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₉ H₂₂ N₂ O.HCl: 68.98%C; 7.01%H; 8.47%N.Found: 68.66%C; 6.98%H; 8.30%N.

EXAMPLE 14

A stirred solution of 3.33 g of 2-amino-α-phenphenethylamine, 17.63 g oftriethyl orthopropionate and 5.6 ml of glacial acetic acid is heatedunder reflux with exclusion of moisture for 21/2 hours. Volatilecomponents are removed on a rotary evaporator at 90° C. under reducedpressure (pump). A solution of the residual oil and 100 ml of methylenechloride is washed with 10% sodium hydroxide solution, dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to an oil. Asolution of the oil and 70 ml of anhydrous ether is treated with excessethereal hydrogen chloride. The precipitate is collected, washed withanhydrous ether and dried. Recrystallization from 90 ml of isopropanolprovides colorless crystals, mp 242°-245° C., of4,5-dihydro-2-ethyl-4-phenyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₇ H₁₈ N₂.HCl: 71.20%C; 6.68%H; 9.77%N. Found:71.23%C; 6.65%H; 9.70%N.

EXAMPLE 15

A mixture of 3.5 g ofα-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-2-nitrophenethylamine, 11.9 g oftriethyl orthoacetate and 4.6 ml of acetic acid is refluxed for 21/2hours. The solvents are evaporated and the residue partitioned between5% hydrochloric acid and ether. The aqueous layer is separated,basified, extracted with ether and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.Ethereal hydrochloric acid is added to the filtered ether extract andthe product oils out. The mixture is evaporated to dryness and theresidue recrystallized from ethanol-ether, giving colorless crystals, mp222°-226° C., of4,5-dihydro-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepinehydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₉ H₂₂ N₂ O₂.HCl: 65.89%C; 6.68%H; 8.08%N.Found: 65.84%C; 6.62%H; 8.06%N.

EXAMPLE 15A

A mixture of 1.1 g ofN-acetyl-α-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-2-aminophenethylamine in 40 mlof methylene chloride and 0.26 g of phosphorous oxychloride is refluxed18 hours. The residue is basified with 10% sodium hydroxide solution andextracted with additional methylene chloride. The extracte is dried(over anhydrous sodium sulfate) and evaporated. The residue is dissolvedin absolute ethanol and ethereal hydrogen chloride is added. The productcrystallizes on addition of the ethereal hydrogen chloride, ether givingcolorless crystals, mp 220°-226° C., of4,5-dihydro-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₉ H₂₂ N₂ O₃.HCl: 65.80%C; 6.68%H; 8.08%N.Found: 65.53%C; 6.70%H; 7.87%N.

EXAMPLE 16

A mixture of 4 g of2-amino-N-methyl-α-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)phenethylamine, 14.8 g oftriethyl orthopropionate and 5.54 g of acetic acid is refluxed for 2hours. The solvents are evaporated. The residue is dissolved inmethylene chloride, washed with 5% sodium hydroxide solution and waterand dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. Theresidue is dissolved in ether and ethereal hydrogen chloride is addeddropwise. The product which precipitates as the hydrochloride salt isrecrystallized from ethanol-ether giving tan crystals, mp 214°-216° C.,of4,5-dihydro-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-ethyl-3-methyl-3H-1,3-benzodiazepine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₂₀ H₂₄ N₂ O₂.HCl: 66.57%C; 6.98%H; 7.76%N.Found: 66.63%C; 6.93%H; 7.81%N.

EXAMPLE 17

3.00 g of N-Ethyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine hydrochloride istreated with 100 ml of hot 95% ethanol containing 1.10 g of potassiumhydroxide for 15 minutes, after which the mixture is filtered and placedin a Paar flask. 0.15 g of 10% palladium on charcoal is added and themixture is hydrogenated at room temperature and 50 psia for 3 hours,after which the catalyst is removed. The ethanol is evaporated from thefiltrate and the resulting yellow oil is poured onto 100 ml of water.The biphasic aqueous mixture is extracted with methylene chloride (2×100ml). The combined methylene chloride extracts are dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate and the methylene chloride evaporated to afford acolorless oil. The oil is dissolved in 50 ml of ether. Ethereal hydrogenchloride (100 ml) is added precipitating the hydrochloride acid salt asan oil. The ethanol is evaporated and the oil is dissolved in 20 ml ofi-propanol with heating. Upon cooling, white crystals, mp >248° C. dec,fell from solution providing 2-amino-N-ethyl α-phenylphenethylaminedihydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₂₀ N₂.2HCl: 61.35%C; 7.08%H; 8.94%N.Found: 61.25%C; 7.11%H; 8.95%N.

EXAMPLE 18

3.34 g of 2-Nitro-α-phenyl-N-propylphenethylamine hydrochloride isheated in 100 ml of 95% ethanol containing 1.21 g of potassium hydroxidefor 15 minutes, after which the precipitated sodium chloride is removedby filtration. The ethanolic filtrate is placed in a Paar flaskcontaining 0.15 g of 10% palladium on charcoal and hydrogenated at 50psia for 2 hours. The catalyst is then removed and the ethanolevaporated. The resulting yellow oil is poured onto 100 ml of water andthe biphasic aqueous mixture is extracted with methylene chloride (2×100ml). The combined methylene chloride extracts are dried over anhydrousmagnesium sulfate and the methylene chloride evaporated affording ayellow oil. The oil is dissolved in 50 ml of ethanol. Ethereal hydrogenchloride (50 ml) is added, precipitating the hydrochloride salt. Theethanol is evaporated and the resulting white powder is recrystallizedfrom 20 ml of i-propanol to give crystals, mp >243° C. dec, of2-amino-α-phenyl-N-propylphenethylamine dihydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₇ H₂₄ N₂ Cl₂ : 62.39%C; 7.39%H; 8.56%N.Found: 62.16%C; 7.32%H; 8.49%N.

EXAMPLE 19

7.0 g of N-Cyclohexylmethyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine hydrochlorideis treated with 200 ml of warm 95% ethanol containing 2.07 of potassiumhydroxide for 15 minutes, after which the mixture is filtered and placedin a Paar flask containing 0.35 g of 10% palladium on charcoal. Themixture is hydrogenated at 50 psia for 2 hours. After removal of thecatalyst, the ethanol is evaporated and the resulting biphasic mixtureis poured onto 200 ml of water. The aqueous mixture is extracted withmethylene chloride (2×200 ml). The combined methylene chloride extractsare dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the methylene chloride isevaporated giving a colorless oil. The oil is dissolved in 100 ml ofether. Ethereal hydrogen chloride (200 ml) is added and the saltprecipitates from solution. The hydrochloride salt is collected as agummy powder, which is recrystallized from i-propanol to providecrystals, mp 205° C. dec, of2-amino-N-cyclohexylmethyl-α-phenylphenethylamine dihydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₂₁ H₂₈ N₂.2HCl: 66.14%C; 7.93%H; 7.35%N.Found: 65.90%C; 7.86%H; 7.34%N.

EXAMPLE 20

To a mixture of 10 g ofα-(4-methylphenyl)-N-methyl-2-nitrophenethylamine and 150 ml of ethanol,3.7 g of potassium hydroxide is added. The mixture is stirred for 15minutes and the potassium chloride filtered off. The solution ishydrogenated at room temperature in the presence of 0.5 g of 10%palladium on charcoal for 2 hours. The catalyst is filtered off andethereal-hydrogen chloride is added to the ethanolic filtrate. Themixture is evaporated and the residue is recrystallized fromethanol-ether giving crystals, mp 225°-228° C. of2-amino-N-methyl-α-(4-methylphenyl)phenethylamine dihydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₂₀ N₂.2HCl: 61.35%C; 7.08%H; 8.91%N.Found: 61.18%C; 7.02%H; 8.87%N.

EXAMPLE 21

A mixture of 10.02 g ofα-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-2-nitrophenethylamine hydrochloride, 100 mlof dichloromethane and 100 ml of water is treated with excess 10% sodiumhydroxide solution. The dried (over anhydrous sodium sulfate) organicphase is concentrated to afford 8.74 g of a yellow oil. A mixture of theoil, 100 ml of absolute ethanol and 0.5 g of 10% palladium on charcoalcatalyst is hydrogenated at 50 psia and ambient temperature on a Parrapparatus. Filtration and concentration of the filtrate on a rotaryevaporator affords 10.35 g of an oil. A solution of the oil and 20 ml ofmethanol is treated with excess ethereal hydrogen chloride. Furtherdilution with ether affords a gum which solidifies on trituration withfresh ether. Recrystallization from 25 ml of isopropanol gives crystals,mp 223°-226° C. dec, of2-amino-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylphenethylamine dihydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₂₀ N₂ O.2HCl: 58.37%C; 6.74%H; 8.51%N.Found: 58.11%C; 6.93%H; 8.36%N.

EXAMPLE 22

A 1 M solution of borane-tetrahydrofuran complex in tetrahydrofuran (42ml) is added dropwise to a stirred cooled suspension of 6.00 g ofN-acetyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine in 60 ml of tetrahydrofuran.After complete addition the mixture is allowed to stir at roomtemperature for 24 hours, after which the excess borane is decomposed bythe subsequent additions of 20 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid and 2 ml ofacetic acid. The mixture is then basified with 20 ml of 50% sodiumhydroxide solution. The tetrahydrofuran is evaporated from the biphasicmixture and the remaining aqueous phase is poured onto 100 ml of water.The aqueous mixture is extracted with methylene chloride (2×100 ml). Thecombined methylene chloride extracts are dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate and evaporated to afford a yellow oil which is dissolved in 50ml of ether. Ethereal hydrogen chloride (100 ml) is added precipitatingthe salt as an oil. The ether is evaporated and the remaining oil isdissolved in 20 ml of 100% ethanol and allowed to crystallize to providecrystals, mp 216°-225° C. dec, of N-ethyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylaminehydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₁₈ N₂ O₂.HCl: 62.64%C; 6.24%H; 9.13%N.Found: 62.53%C; 6.20%H; 9.22%N.

EXAMPLE 23

1 M borane-tetrahydrofuran complex (42 ml) is added dropwise to acooled, stirred suspension of 6.00 g of2-nitro-α-phenyl-N-propionylphenethylamine in 60 ml of tetrahydrofuran.After complete addition, the mixture is allowed to stir at roomtemperature for 24 hours after which the excess borane is decomposed bythe successive additions of 20 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid and 2 ml ofacetic acid. The acidic mixture is allowed to stir an additional 30minutes, after which the mixture is basified with 20 ml of 50% sodiumhydroxide solution. The mixture is then poured onto 100 ml of water andthe aqueous phase extracted with methylene chloride (2×100 ml). Thecombined methylene chloride extracts are dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate and the methylene chloride evaporated affording a yellow oil,which is dissolved in 50 ml of ether. Ethereal hydrogen chloride (100ml) is added precipitating the hydrochloride salt as an oil. The etheris evaporated and the resulting gum is dissolved in 40 ml of hotisopropanol. Upon cooling white crystals, mp 189°-192° C., of2-nitro-α-phenyl-N-propylphenethylamine hydrochloride falls fromsolution.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₇ H₂₀ N₂ O₂.HCl: 63.65%C; 6.60%H; 8.73%N.Found: 63.64%C; 6.88%H; 8.38%N.

EXAMPLE 24

1 M Borane-tetrahydrofuran complex (60 ml) is added dropwise to acooled, stirred solution of 9.00 g ofN-benzoyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine in 90 ml of tetrahydrofuran.After complete addition the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 4hours. Additional tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) and 1 Mborane-tetrahydrofuran complex (30 ml) are added to aid in thedissolution of the reactants. The mixture is allowed to stir at roomtemperature for 24 hours after which the excess borane is decomposed bythe subsequent addition of 45 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid and 5 ml ofacetic acid. The acidic mixture is stirred at room temperature for anadditional 0.5 hours after which 25 ml of 50% sodium hydroxide solutionis added. The tetrahydrofuran is evaporated from the mixture and theresulting aqueous mixture is poured onto 125 ml of water. The aqueousphase is extracted with methylene chloride (1×150 ml, 1×100 ml). Thecombined methylene chloride extracts are dried over anhydrous magnesiumsulfate and evaporated to give a solid which recrystallizes from 150 mlof 100% ethanol giving flocullant crystals. The ethanolic filtrate isacidified with 100 ml of ethereal hydrogen chloride Upon prolongedstanding the hydrochloride salt falls from solution. Recrystallizationof the salt from 40 ml of ethanol gives yellow granules, mp 215°-218°C., of N-benzyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₂₁ H₂₀ N₂ O₂.HCl: 68.38%C; 5.74%H; 7.59%N.Found: 68.11%C; 5.58%H; 7.66%N.

EXAMPLE 25

1 M Borane-tetrahydrofuran complex (60 ml) is added dropwise to astirred, cooled suspension of 9.00 g ofN-cyclohexylcarbonyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine in 90 ml oftetrahydrofuran. After complete addition the mixture is allowed to stirfor 4 hours. Additional borane (30 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) isadded to complete dissolution of materials. The mixture is stirred anadditional 16 hours. After cooling of the mixture, the excess borane isdecomposed by the subsequent additions of 45 ml of 5% hydrochloric acidand 4 ml of acetic acid. The mixture is stirred for 1/2 hour before theaddition of 25 ml of 50% sodium hydroxide solution. The tetrahydrofuranis evaporated from the mixture and the resulting biphasic mixture ispoured onto 125 ml of water. The aqueous mixture is extracted withmethylene chloride (1×150 ml, 1×100 ml). The combined methylene chlorideextracts are dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the methylenechloride is evaporated giving a yellow oil. The oil is dissolved in 100ml of ether. Ethereal hydrogen chloride (200 ml) is added. Uponstanding, a white precipitate falls from solution. The ether isevaporated and the solid is recrystallized from 50 ml of ethanol givingcrystals, mp 225°-228° C., ofN-cyclohexylmethyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₂₁ H₂₆ N₂ O₂.HCl: 67.28%C; 7.26%H; 7.47%N.Found: 67.08%C; 7.26%H; 7.51%N.

EXAMPLE 26

A stirred ice water chilled suspension of 12.3 g ofN-formyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine and 120 ml oftetrahydrofuran is treated over 20 minutes with 85 ml of 1.01 M boranein tetrahydrofuran. After total addition the solution is stirred for 3hours with ice water cooling and then allowed to stand 2 days at ambienttemperature with exclusion of moisture. The stirred solution is chilledand quenched by dropwise addition of 40 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid and 4ml of glacial acetic acid. Two hours after total addition the mixture ismade alkaline with 50% sodium hydroxide solution, diluted with 50 ml ofwater and concentrated on a rotary evaporator to removed thetetrahydrofuran. The residual liquid is extracted thrice with 70 mlportions of dichloromethane and the combined organic phase is dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to an oil. Asolution of the oil and 100 ml of ether is treated with etherealhydrogen chloride giving a gum. The ether-gum mixture is evaporated to ayellow colored amorphorous foam which is recrystallized from isopropanolto provide almost colorless crystals, mp 181°-185° C., ofα-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-2-nitrophenethylamine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₁₈ N₂ O₃.HCl: 59.54%C; 5.9%H; 8.68%N.Found: 59.24%C; 5.81%H; 8.65%N.

EXAMPLE 27

To a cooled mixture of 33.6 g ofN-formyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine in 500 ml oftetrahydrofuran, 408 ml of 0.98 M of boron hydride/tetrahydrofuran isadded dropwise keeping the internal temperature at 0°-10° C. The mixtureis allowed to stand overnight at ambient temperature. To the cooledmixture 100 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid is added cautiously, followed byaddition of 20 ml of glacial acetic acid. The solvent is evaporated invacuo and the residue treated with 10% sodium hydroxide solution. Thefree base is extracted with ether, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfateand filtered. The product is precipitated as the hydrochloride salt byaddition of ethereal hydrogen chloride to the ether extract.Recrystallization from ethanol gives crystals, mp 185°-187.5° C., ofα-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-2-nitrophenethylamine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₇ H₂₀ N₂ O₄.HCl: 57.87%C; 6.00%H; 7.94%N.Found: 57.77%C; 6.09%H; 7.93%N.

EXAMPLE 28

To a cooled mixture of 31.1 g ofN-formyl-α-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine in 500 ml oftetrahydrofuran, 441 ml of 0.98 M borane in tetrahydrofuran is addeddropwise. The mixture is allowed to stand over the weekend. The mixtureis cooled and 100 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid and 20 ml of glacial aceticacid are added cautiously. The solvent is evaporated in vacuum and theresidue treated with 10% sodium hydroxide solution. The free amine isextracted with ether and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate andfiltered. Ethereal hydrogen chloride is added dropwise to the filtrateand the product precipitates as the hydrochloride salt.Recrystallization from ethanol gives crystals, mp 241°-243° C., ofα-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-2-nitrophenethylamine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₅ H₁₅ FN₂ O₂.HCl: 57.98%C; 4.87%H; 9.01%N.Found: 57.89%C; 5.15%H; 9.01%N.

EXAMPLE 29

To a cooled solution of 17 g ofN-formyl-α-(4-methylphenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine in 200 ml oftetrahydrofuran, 122 ml of 0.98 M borane in tetrahydrofuran is addeddropwise in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The temperature did not exceed10° C. during the addition. The mixture is allowed to stir at roomtemperature for 4 hours. Excess borane is decomposed by addition of 50ml of 5% hydrochloric acid and 10 ml of acetic acid. The mixture isallowed to stand over the weekend. Tetrahydrofuran is evaporated invacuo. The residue is treated with 10% sodium hydroxide solution,extracted with ether and the organic phase is dried over anhydroussodium sulfate and filtered. Ethereal hydrogen chloride is added to thefiltrate and the hydrochloride salt precipitates. Recrystallization fromethanol yields crystals, mp 235°-238° C., ofα-(4-methylphenyl)-N-methyl-2-nitrophenethylamine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₁₈ N₂ O₂.HCl: 62.64%C; 6.24%H; 9.13%N.Found: 62.50%C; 6.23%H; 9.14%N.

EXAMPLE 30

A stirred ice water chilled solution of 27.8 g of1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime acetate and 250 mlof tetrahydrofuran is treated over 30 minutes with 360 ml of 0.94 Mborane in tetrahydrofuran (four-fold excess of boron hydride). Aftertotal addition, the solution is stirred for 1 hour at ice-bathtemperature, followed by stirring at ambient temperature for 4 hours.The solution is then allowed to stand for 2 days at ambient temperature.The stirred solution is chilled with an ice water bath and quenched bydropwise addition of 100 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid. A colorlessprecpitate separates and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours withcooling. Glacial acetic acid (15 ml) is added, followed by stirring for2 hours and then standing overnight at ambient temperature. The stirredsuspension is then treated with 300 ml of 10% sodium hydroxide solution,followed by removal of excess tetrahydrofuran on a rotary evaporator.The residual biphasic mixture is extracted thrice with 200 ml-portionsof methylene chloride. The combined organic phase is dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate, vacuum filtered and evaporated to an orangecolored oil. A solution of the oil and 200 ml of anhydrous ether istreated with a slight excess of ethereal hydrogen chloride. Theprecipitate is collected by vacuum filtration. The filter cake is washedtwice with ether and dried in vacuo at 40° C. over sodium hydroxidepellets. Recrystallization of the crude product from 600 ml of 95%ethanol gives 16.1 g of slightly yellow crystals, mp 240°-242° C., ofα-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₅ H₁₆ N₂ O₃.HCl: 58.35%C; 5.55%H. Found:58.21%C; 5.25%H.

EXAMPLE 31

To a cooled solution of 48 g of1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime acetate in 350 ml oftetrahydrofuran in an atmosphere of nitrogen, 594 ml 1.01 M borane intetrahydrofuran is added dropwise. The internal temperature remainsapproximately 0°-20° C. during the addition. The mixture is stirred for45 minutes at ice bath temperature and then stirred overnight at ambienttemperature. The mixture is cooled and the complex is decomposed bycautious addition of 6 N hydrochloric acid. A precipitate graduallyforms and the mixture is stirred overnight. Tetrahydrofuran isevaporated in vacuum and 10% sodium hydroxide solution is added to theresidue. The product is extracted with ether and dried over anhydroussodium sulfate. Ethereal hydrogen chloride is added to the solution andthe product precipitates as the hydrochloride salt. Recrystallizationfrom ethanol gives crystals, mp 265°-269° C., ofα-(4-methylphenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₅ H₁₆ N₂ O₂.HCl: 61.54%C; 5.85%H; 9.57%N.Found: 61.57%C; 6.00%H; 9.44%N.

EXAMPLE 32

To a cooled mixture of 92.6 g of1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime acetate in 600ml of tetrahydrofuran in an atmosphere of nitrogen, a solution of 1019ml of 0.98 M borane in tetrahydrofuran is added dropwise. The mixture isallowed to stand overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture is cooledand 250 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid is added dropwise. The solvent isevaporated in vacuo and the residue treated with 10% sodium hydroxidesolution. The free amine is extracted with ether, dried over anhydroussodium sulfate and filtered. Ethereal hydrogen chloride is addeddropwise to the filtrate and the product precpitates as thehydrochloride salt. Recrystallization from methanol-ether givescrystals, mp 229°-231° C., ofα-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₁₈ N₂ O₄.HCl: 56.73%C; 5.65%H; 8.27%N.Found: 56.63%C; 5.65%H; 8.22%N.

EXAMPLE 33

In an atmosphere of nitrogen, 897 ml of 0.98 M borane in tetrahydrofuranis added dropwise to a cooled solution of 69.2 g of1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime acetate in 500 ml oftetrahydrofuran. The mixture is allowed to stand over the weekend. Themixture is cooled and 200 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid is added dropwise.The tetrahydrofuran is evaporated and the residue treated with 10%sodium hydroxide solution. The free amine is extracted with ether anddried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The ether solution is treated withethereal hydrogen chloride and the product is recrystallized fromethanol to give crystals, mp 239°-243° C., ofα-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine hydrochloride.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₄ H₁₃ FN₂ O₂.HCl: 56.67%C; 4.76%H; 9.44%N.Found: 56.86%C; 4.70%H; 9.36%N.

EXAMPLE 34

10.0 g of 2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine in 75 ml of toluene is added ina dropwise manner to a cooled, stirred solution of 10.2 ml of aceticanhydride in 100 ml of toluene. Upon completion of addition, the mixtureis allowed to remain at room temperature for 72 hours, after which theprecipitate is collected, washed with ether (2×50 ml) and dried.Recrystallization from 100% ethanol gives crystals, mp 171°-172° C., ofN-acetyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₁₆ N₂ O₃ : 67.59%C; 5.67%H; 9.85%N. Found:67.50%C; 5.61%H; 9.95%N.

EXAMPLE 35

10.0 g of 2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine in 75 ml of toluene is added ina dropwise manner to a cooled, stirred solution of 10.5 ml of propionicanhydride in 100 ml of toluene. Upon completion of addition, the mixtureis allowed to remain at room temperature for 75 hours, after which theprecipitate is collected, washed with ether (2×50 ml) and dried to givewhite powder. Recrystallization from 100% ethanol÷water and 0 ml÷30 ml)gives pale yellow needles, mp 149°-151° C., ofN-propionyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₇ H₁₈ N₂ O₃ : 68.44%C; 6.08%H; 9.39%N. Found:68.30%C; 5.94%H; 9.26%N.

EXAMPLE 36

10.0 g of 2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine in 75 ml of toluene is addeddropwise to a stirred, cooled solution of 24.3 g of benzoic anhydride in75 ml of toluene. After complete addition, the mixture is stirred atroom temperature for 2 hours after which the precipitate is collected,washed with 300 ml of ether and partially dried. The precipitate isheated in boiling (400 ml) ethanol, cooled and collected giving whiteneedles, mp 185°-189° C., of N-benzoyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₂₁ H₁₈ N₂ O₂ : 72.82%C; 5.24%H; 8.09%N. Found:72.54%C; 5.29%H; 8.07%N.

EXAMPLE 37

10.0 g of 2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine in 75 ml of toluene is addeddropwise to a stirred, cooled solution of 14.4 ml of cyclohexylcarbonylchloride in 75 ml of toluene and 25 ml of pyridine. After completeaddition the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Themixture is allowed to stand overnight, after which the tan precipitateis collected and washed with 100 ml of ether. The precipitate isrecrystallized from 350 ml of methanol to give yellow needles, mp210°-212° C., of N-cyclohexanecarbonyl-2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₂₁ H₂₄ N₂ O₃ : 71.57%C; 6.86%H; 7.95%N. Found:71.36%C; 6.92%H; 7.99%N.

EXAMPLE 38

A suspension of 14.0 g of α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitrophenethylaminehydrochloride, and 250 ml of water is treated with 70 ml of 10% sodiumhydroxide solution. The mixture is twice extracted with 200 ml-portionsof methylene chloride and the combined organic phase is dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate. Vacuum filtration and concentration affords12.7 g of a yellow-colored oil. A solution of the oil and 200 ml ofmethyl formate is heated at 80°-83° C. (bath temperature) for 3 days ina 300 ml Parr stainless steel bomb. After cooling to room temperaturethe bomb is opened and the crystalline precipitate is collected byvacuum filtration. The filter cake is washed once with methylformate anddried in vacuo at 40° C. to give slightly yellow-colored crystals, mp151°-153° C., of N-formyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₁₆ N₂ O₄ : 63.99%C; 5.37%H; 9.33%N. Found:63.92%C; 5.29%H; 9.37%N.

EXAMPLE 39

A mixture of 19.6 g of α-(4-methylphenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine and 230ml of methylformate is placed in a Parr bomb at 80° C. overnight. Thereaction is cooled and the solvent removed in vacuo giving an off-whitesolid. The product is recrystallized from 95% ethanol giving crystals,mp 130°-132° C., of N-formyl-α-(4-methylphenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₁₆ N₂ O₃ : 67.59%C; 5.67%H; 9.85%N. Found:67.58%C; 5.63%H; 9.94%N.

EXAMPLE 40

A mixture of 36.6 g of α-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine and 230ml of methylformate in a Parr bomb is placed in an oil bath at 80° C.and left over the weekend. On cooling a crystalline precipitateseparates giving 34.6 g of product. An analytical sample isrecrystallized from 95% ethanol providing crystals, mp 142°-145° C., ofN-formyl-α-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₅ H₁₃ FN₂ O₃ : 62.50%C; 4.54%H; 9.72%N.Found: 62.62%C; 4.51%H; 9.77%N.

EXAMPLE 41

A mixture of 41.7 g of α-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine and250 ml of methylformate is placed in a Parr bomb at 80° C. and leftovernight. The solvent is evaporated and the residue recrystallized from95% ethanol giving crystals, mp 135°-139° C., ofN-formyl-α-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-nitrophenethylamine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₇ H₁₈ N₂ O₅ : 61.81%C; 5.49%H; 8.48%N. Found:61.67%C; 5.27%H; 8.42%N.

EXAMPLE 42

To a cooled solution of 4.17 g of acetic anhydride in 50 ml of toluene,a solution of 4.31 g ofα-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-2-nitrophenethylamine is addeddropwise. The mixture is warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2hours. The solvents are evaporated in vacuo to give crystals, mp113°-115° C., ofN-acetyl-α-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-2-nitrophenethylamine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₉ H₂₂ N₂ O₅ : 63.67%C; 6.18%H; 7.82%N. Found:63.68%C; 6.20%H; 7.76%N.

EXAMPLE 43

A mixture of 12.3 g of 2'-fluoro-2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetophenone in 80 mlof 95% ethanol, 6.6 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 20 ml of waterand 8.53 g of sodium acetate in 20 ml of water is refluxed overnight.The product crstyallzes on cooling. Recrystallization from 95% ethanolgives crystals, mp 105°-109° C., of1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₄ H₁₁ FN₂ O₃ : 61.31%C; 4.04%H; 10.21%N.Found: 61.19%C; 4.09%H; 10.25%N.

EXAMPLE 44

A mixture of 154 g of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanonein 600 ml of 95% ethanol, 70.9 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 150ml of water and 92 g of sodium acetate in 150 ml of water is refluxed 7hours. The product which crystallizes on standing overnight at roomtemperature is filtered and dried giving crystals, mp 129°-130° C., of1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₁₆ N₂ O₅ : 60.75%C; 5.10%H; 8.85%N. Found:60.75%C; 5.15%H; 8.84%N.

EXAMPLE 45

A stirred suspension of 46.0 g of1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone and 240 ml of 95% ethanolis treated with a solution of 22.6 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride,46.3 g of sodium acetate trihydrate and 130 ml of water. The stirredsuspension is heated to reflux and 95% ethanol (180 ml) is added. Themixture is heated for 3 hours under reflux whereupon a clearyellow-colored solution is obtained. After stirring overnight at ambienttemperature, excess ethanol is removed on a rotary evaporator and theresidue is diluted with approximately 1 l. of water. An oil separatesand crystallizes. The solid is collected, washed with water and dried at40° C. overnight in vacuo. Recrystallization from 100 ml of 95% ethanolprovides crystals, mp 106°-110° C., of1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₅ H₁₄ N₂ O₄ : 62.93%C; 4.93%H. Found:62.95%C; 4.93%H.

EXAMPLE 46

To a solution of 6.62 g of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanonein 40 ml of 95% ethanol, 3.55 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 10 mlof water and 4.48 g of sodium acetate in 10 ml of water are added. Themixture is refluxed 3 hours and allowed to stand overnight. The ethanolis removed in vacuo and the product is extracted with ether, dried overanhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated. Recrystallization from 95%ethanol gives crystals, mp 139°-142° C., of1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₄ H₁₁ FN₂ O₃ : 61.31%C; 4.04%H; 10.21%N.Found: 61.15%C; 4.08%H; 10.27%N.

EXAMPLE 47

To a mixture of 50 g of 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone in200 ml of 95% ethanol, a solution of 27.8 g of hydroxylaminehydrochloride in 50 ml of water and a solution of 36.1 g of sodiumacetate are added. The reaction mixture is refluxed for 3 hours andallowed to stand overnight at ambient temperature. The product whichcrystallizes from the reaction mixture is filtered and dried.Recrystallization from 95% ethanol provides crystals, mp 129°-132° C.,of 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₅ H₁₄ N₂ O₃ : 66.66%C; 5.22%H; 10.36%N.Found: 66.59%C; 5.31%H; 10.45%N.

EXAMPLE 48

A mixture of 156 g of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanoneoxime and 100 g of acetic anhydride is warmed on a steam bath for 30minutes. The product crystallizes on standing overnight at roomtemperature. Trituration with hexane gives crystals, mp 118°-120° C., of1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime acetate.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₈ H₁₈ N₂ O₆ : 60.37%C; 5.06%H; 7.82%N. Found:60.14%C; 5.11%H; 7.78%N.

EXAMPLE 49

A stirred solution of 15.0 g of1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime and 30 ml ofpotassium hydroxide dried pyridine is treated dropwise with 15.0 ml ofacetic anhydride. After stirring overnight at ambient temperature withexclusion of moisture, the solution is heated for 2 hours on a steambath. The solution is then decanted into 300 ml of ice water and theresultant biphasic mixture is extracted with a total of 270 ml ofmethylene chloride. The organic phase is washed once with dilute aceticacid (18 ml of glacial acetic acid diluted with 200 ml of water) andthen twice with water. Concentration of the dried (over anhydrous sodiumsulfate) organic phase affords 21.0 g of yellow oil. A solution of theoil and 125 ml of ether is washed sequentially with 50 ml-portions eachof 5% hydrochloric acid solution, water, 5% sodium bicarbonate solutionand water. The (dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate) organic phase isconcentrated to a cloudy yellow oil which is subjected to azeotropicdistillation with absolute ethanol. On standing overnight at ambienttemperature, small rosettes of crystals form and a rosette is removedfor use as seed crystals. The remaining material is dissolved in 40 mlof 95% ethanol, cooled slowly until an oil begins to separate and seededwith the previously isolated crystals. The crystalline precipitate iscollected by vacuum filtration, washed with 95% ethanol and dried invacuo to provide crystals, mp 65°-68.5° C., of1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime acetate.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₇ H₁₆ N₂ O₅ : 62.19%C; 4.91%H. Found:62.16%C; 4.85%H.

EXAMPLE 50

To a solution of 47.3 g of 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanoneoxime in 100 ml of pyridine, 40 ml of acetic anhydride is addeddropwise. The mixture is warmed on the steam bath (internal temperatureapproximately 80° C.) for 1 hour. The mixture is poured into water andthe product which crystallizes is filtered giving crystals, mp 95°-98°C., of 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime acetate.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₇ H₁₆ N₂ O₄ : 65.38%C; 5.20%H; 8.97%N. Found:65.42%C; 5.16%H; 9.00%N.

EXAMPLE 51

To a solution of 72.7 g of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanoneoxime in 175 ml of pyridine, 70 ml of acetic anhydride is addeddropwise. The mixture is warmed on the steam bath for 11/2 hours. Thereaction mixture is poured into ice water and the solution made slightlyacid with hydrochloric acid. The material which precipitates isfiltered, dried and recrystallized from 95% ethanol giving crystals, mp74°-75° C., of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oximeacetate.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₁₃ FN₂ O₄ : 60.76%C; 4.14%H; 8.86%N.Found: 60.66%C; 4.13%H; 8.78%N.

EXAMPLE 52

To a solution of 8 g of 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanoneoxime in 20 ml of pyridine, 10 ml of acetic anhydride is added dropwise.The mixture is warmed (steam bath) for 31/2 hours, poured into water andextracted with methylene chloride. The methylene chloride extract iswashed with 5% hydrochloric acid, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,filtered and evaporated. The residual oil is distilled at 5 mm to give1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone oxime acetate, bp 133°-135°C.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₆ H₁₃ FN₂ O₄ : 60.76%C; 4.14%H; 8.86%N.Found: 60.83%C; 4.09%H; 9.11%N.

EXAMPLE 53

To a mixture of 10 g of o-nitrophenylacetic acid in 29 ml offluorobenzene, 4.3 of thionyl chloride is added dropwise at roomtemperature. The mixture is warmed at 45° C. for 31/2 hours. To thecooled solution 8.1 g of aluminum chloride is added in portions. Duringthe addition there is a slight exothermic reaction and the temperaturerose to 40° C. The mixture is warmed to 45° C. for approximately 11/2hours. The reaction mixture is poured into concentrated hydrochloricacid-ice and extracted with ether. The ether extract is washed with 5%sodium hydroxide solution, water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfateand evaporated to give a crude solid. Recrystallization from 95% ethanolgives crystals, mp 80°-81° C., of1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₄ H₁₀ FNO₃ : 64.86%C; 3.89%H; 5.40%N. Found:64.64%C; 3.94%H; 5.31%N.

EXAMPLE 54

To a mixture of 181 g of o-nitrophenylacetic acid in 400 ml of1,2-dichloroethane, 78 ml of thionyl chloride is added dropwise at roomtemperature. The mixture is warmed to approximately 65° C. then allowedto stand overnight at ambient temperature. To 400 ml of m-fluorotoluene,133 g of aluminum chloride is added in portions followed by the dropwiseaddition of the acid chloride solution keeping the temperatureapproximately 20°-25° C. The mixture is gradually warmed to 60° C. andheld at 60° C. until gas evolution ceases. The reaction mixture ispoured into concentrated hydrochloric acid and ice and allowed to standover the weekend. Additional methylene chloride is added to the reactionmixture. The organic layer is separated, washed with 5% sodium hydroxidesolution and water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered.Evaporation of the filtrate gives a black oil. The oil is extracted withboiling isopropyl ether which on cooling yields product.Recrystallization from hexane provides crystals, mp 72°-74° C., of1-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₅ H₁₂ FNO: 65.93%C; 4.43%H; 5.13%N. Found:66.01%C; 4.47%H; 5.10%N.

EXAMPLE 55

A mixture of 46 g of α-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-β-dimethylamino-2-nitrostyrene,150 ml of dioxane and 50 ml of water is heated under reflux for 18hours. The solution is concentrated. The residue is extracted withmethylene chloride, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporatedto an oil. The oil is dissolved in a small volume of 95% ethanol and theproduct crystallizes. Recrystallization from ethanol gives crystals, mp70°-72° C., of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₄ H₁₀ ClNO₃ : 61.00%C; 3.66%H; 5.08%N. Found:60.96%C; 3.68%H; 5.15%N.

EXAMPLE 56

To a solution of 39.7 g of β-dimethyl-amino-2-nitrostyrene and 21.2 g oftriethylamine in 150 ml of benzene is added dropwise 36.8 g ofp-chlorobenzoyl chloride. The resultant mixture is stirred and andheated under reflux for 15 hours. Water is added to dissolve the salts.The product crystallizes and is filtered off. On concentration of thefiltrate, additional product crystallizes as bright orange crystals, 50g (72%). An analytical sample is recrystallized from 95% ethanol, mp142°-148° C. to give α-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-B-dimethylamino-2-nitrostyrene.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₇ H₁₅ ClN₂ O₃ : 61.73%C; 4.57%H; 8.47%N.Found: 61.65%C; 4.58%H; 8.36%N.

EXAMPLE 57

A solution of 3.8 g ofN-acetyl-α-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-methyl-2-nitrophenethylamine in 100ml of ethanol is hydrogenated at room temperature and 50 psia over 0.5 gof 10% palladium on charcoal for approximately 20 minutes. The catalystis filtered and the solvent evaporated giving product. Recrystallizationfrom 95% ethanol gave crystals, mp 139°-142° C., ofN-acetyl-2-amino-α-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-methylphenethylamine.

Analysis: Calculated for C₁₉ H₂₄ N₂ O₃ : 69.53%C; 7.37%H; 8.53%N. Found:69.67%C; 7.33%H; 8.56%N.

We claim:
 1. A method for preparing a compound of the formula ##STR31##in which R₁ is hydrogen, alkyl of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms,cycloalkylalkyl of from 4 to 8 carbon atoms or aralkyl having from 1 to5 carbons in the alkyl moiety, and the aryl moiety of the aralkyl groupbeing phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or more chloro, bromo,fluoro, methoxy, alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, hydroxy ortrifluoromethyl groups, X and Y are the same or different and each canbe hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, methoxy, alkyl of from 1 to 3carbon atoms, hydroxy, or trifluoromethyl; m is the integer 1 or 2; n isthe integer 1, 2 or 3; and the optical antipodes thereof; or aphysiologically acceptable salt thereof, which comprises converting anacetophenone of the formula ##STR32## to the corresponding oxime of theformula ##STR33## esterifying said oxime with acetic anhydride toprovide the corresponding acetate of the formula ##STR34## reducing saidacetate with a reducing agent which is compatible with the nitro groupto provide the corresponding 2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine of theformula ##STR35## reducing said 2-nitro-α-phenylphenethylamine toprovide the corresponding 2-amino-α-phenylphenethylamine; and cyclizingsaid 2-amino-α-phenylphenethylamine with a compound of the formula##STR36## in the presence of an acid catalyst at a temperature of fromabout 25° C. to reflux of the reaction mixture.
 2. The method accordingto claim 1 wherein the reducing agent is diborane.